Halley's Comet

 

In the beginning of the human kind, people start living with the help of stars and moon they see in the night sky.

They think That it is calendar made by their god. They know that when to migrate from their place, when it will be rain, when the winter will start etc.

When they seen the comet in the night sky for the first time, they are curious about this because they don't k know the secret of it.

They started thinking about this and made some disgusting thoughts about it.

Someone says that it is the message of god came from the heaven that there will be a possibility of death of their king or may be death of mankind due to heavy diseases and they have proves of this due to some coincident.

But in 1964, we have a change in our thoughts about comets when Sir Edmond Halley meets Sir Isaac Newton to talk about comets.

Halley ask Newton that "Do you know about this?" and Newton simply answered that its nothing but a rock made by dust and ice whose orbit is eclipsed around the sun. Halley was shocked by listening this because no one is able to answer this that time. Newton explain him that how tail generates and from where they come.

After listening this Halley offered him money and support to publish Newton's work and it is published by the name "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ( Mathematical principles of natural philosophy). It is a best ever book written in the history of science and calculus is also invented by Newton to solve problems raised in calculations of some gravitational equations.

Than Halley started studying about when and in which region comets are shown by human beings and concluded that the comet came in 1605, 1682 are same comets which comes after 75-76 years and that's why it is known as Halley's Comet.

 

   

Death of Sun

It is said that everything that are live today, they will always die. It may be dying at today or tomorrow or may be after some years.

This sentence is for all living things, and also for our solar system.

Scientist said: “we don’t have to worry about this topic this time, because our sun will not die in some next hundred years. It will die in next some trillion years. We are living in golden time of solar time. Our sun is younger today, and it will live for next trillion years.”

But we have to worry about our next generation, because no things can survive without sun-light. Every living thing need sun-light to fulfill their basic needs. Trees need it for photosynthesis, humans get vitamin D from sun-light and they use sun light to convert it into energy.

If there is no more sun-light than no trees and plants can survive. Humans can’t get food; they will fight with each other to grab others food. 

All liquid water on earth will convert into ice, it means there is no more liquid water to drink, and we all know that we can survive for 1 month without food, but can’t survive for even 3 days without water.

 After some months of sun’s death, there is no existence of human-being on earth. There are no more living things aspect small lives which need this type of this type of environment.

Another dangerous thing related to this topic is blast of sun when it will die. When there is no more fuel to burn in sun, it will expand to get fuel.

 It will ‘eat’ all planets one by one and after some time it will collapse suddenly and blast called ‘little super nova’. After this blast there are only ‘dead bodies’ of planets remains and at the place of sun there will be little planet call ‘neutron planet’.

 It’s size is similar to center of sun and density of this type of planet is much higher compare to original density of sun.

Neutron planet is also called 'diamond planet' because it is full of pure carbon.

There is no existence of living thing including small lives and bacteria after that blast (super nova).

Black Hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime from which gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass will deform spacetime to form a black hole. 
Around a black hole, there is a mathematically defined surface called an event horizon that marks the point of no return. The hole is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits the horizon, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit radiation like a black body with a finite temperature. This temperature is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, making it difficult to observe this radiation for black holes of stellar mass or greater.
Objects whose gravity fields are too strong for light to escape were first considered in the 18th century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace. 
The first modern solution of general relativity that would characterize a black hole was found by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, although its interpretation as a region of space from which nothing can escape was first published by David Finkelstein in 1958. 

Long considered a mathematical curiosity, it was during the 1960s that theoretical work showed black holes were a generic prediction of general relativity. 
The discovery of neutron stars sparked interest in gravitationally collapsed compact objects as a possible astrophysical reality.
Black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle. After a black hole has formed it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. By absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses may form. 
There is general consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centers of most galaxies.
Despite its invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as light. 
Matter falling onto a black hole can form an accretion disk heated by friction, forming some of the brightest objects in the universe. If there are other stars orbiting a black hole, their orbit can be used to determine its mass and location. 
These data can be used to exclude possible alternatives (such as neutron stars). In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary systems, and established that the core of our Milky Way galaxy contains a supermassive black hole of about 4.3 million solar masses.

The Great Red-Spot

The Great Red Spot is a great anti-cyclonic (high pressure) storm akin to a hurricane on Earth, but it is enormous (three Earths would fit within its boundaries) and it has persisted for at least the 400 years that humans have observed it through telescopes. 

 Since it is anti-cyclonic in Jupiter's Southern hemisphere, the rotation is counterclockwise, with a period of about 6 days. (A hurricane in Earth's Southern hemisphere rotates clockwise because it is a low pressure system.) 

The clouds associated with the Spot appear to be about 8 km above neighboring cloud tops. The following two figures show a recent Galileo view of the Great Red Spot, and a closeup of the turbulence in its vicinity.

 The Coriolis effects that are responsible for cyclones and anti-cyclones on Earth are greatly magnified on Jupiter, which has a rotational frequency about 2 1/2 times that of Earth, but this alone would not account for the persistence and size of the Great Red Spot.

 There are other features similar to the Great Red Spot on the surface (note the white spots in the above images) but none are as large as the Great Red Spot.

It has been suggested that certain compounds of phosphorous are responsible for the reddish-brown hue, but this remains somewhat speculative. Thus, we understand the broad properties, but not all the detailed features of this remarkable phenomenon.

Presumably the persistence of the Great Red Spot is related to the fact that it never comes over land, as in the case of a hurricane on Earth, and that it is driven by Jupiter's internal heat source. Computer simulations suggest that such large disturbances may be stable on Jupiter, and that stronger disturbances tend to absorb weaker ones, which may explain the size of the Great Red Spot. Furthermore, as for the clouds in general, we do not understand fully the reason for the coloring. 

...tHanK yOu...